evidence - information or facts that support an idea or conclusion
evaluate - to assess or judge the value or quality of something
summarize - to give a brief overview of the main points of something
compare - to examine two or more things to find similarities and differences
contrast - to examine two or more things to find differences
infer - to make an educated guess based on evidence and prior knowledge
perspective - a particular point of view or way of looking at something
purpose - the reason or intention behind something
synthesis - the process of combining multiple parts or ideas to create a new whole
metaphor - a figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using "like" or "as"
simile - a figure of speech that compares two things using "like" or "as"
imagery - language that creates a sensory experience for the reader (e.g. describing sights, sounds, smells, etc.)
symbolism - the use of objects or images to represent abstract ideas or themes
figurative language - language that uses figures of speech (e.g. metaphors, similes, etc.) to create meaning beyond literal interpretation
character traits - personality or behavioral characteristics that define a fictional or real person
theme - the underlying message or lesson in a story or text
tone - the author's attitude or mood towards the subject matter
point of view - the perspective from which a story is told (e.g. first person, third person omniscient, etc.)
context clues - clues in a text that can help readers determine the meaning of unfamiliar words or phrases.
plot - the sequence of events that make up a story
setting - the time and place in which a story takes place
conflict - the central problem or struggle in a story
resolution - the solution to the central conflict in a story
foreshadowing - hints or clues about what will happen later in a story
irony - the use of language or situation to convey the opposite of what is expected or intended
allusion - a reference to a well-known person, place, or event in history, literature, or culture
genre - a category or type of literature (e.g. fiction, non-fiction, poetry, drama, etc.)
figurative language - language that uses figures of speech (e.g. metaphors, similes, etc.) to create meaning beyond literal interpretation
personification - a figure of speech that attributes human qualities or characteristics to non-human entities.
| Term | Denotation | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Analyze | To examine something carefully and break it down into smaller parts | Analyzing a poem to identify its literary devices |
| Evidence | Information or facts that support an idea or conclusion | The DNA evidence supported the prosecutor's case in court |
| Evaluate | To assess or judge the value or quality of something | Evaluating a restaurant's food and service before leaving a review |
| Summarize | To give a brief overview of the main points of something | Summarizing a news article for a friend who missed it |
| Compare | To examine two or more things to find similarities and differences | Comparing two paintings from different art movements |
| Contrast | To examine two or more things to find differences | Contrasting two political candidates' policies and beliefs |
| Infer | To make an educated guess based on evidence and prior knowledge | Inferring the meaning of an unknown word based on context clues |
| Perspective | A particular point of view or way of looking at something | The story is told from the perspective of the protagonist |
| Purpose | The reason or intention behind something | The purpose of the meeting is to discuss the budget |
| Synthesis | The process of combining multiple parts or ideas to create a new whole | Synthesizing information from multiple sources to write a research paper |
| Metaphor | A figure of speech that compares two unlike things without using "like" or "as" | "Life is a journey" is a common metaphor |
| Simile | A figure of speech that compares two things using "like" or "as" | "Her eyes are like the stars in the sky" is a simile |
| Imagery | Language that creates a sensory experience for the reader (e.g. describing sights, sounds, smells, etc.) | The author's use of vivid imagery made the scene come alive |
| Symbolism | The use of objects or images to represent abstract ideas or themes | The American flag is a symbol of freedom and democracy |
| Figurative language | Language that uses figures of speech (e.g. metaphors, similes, etc.) to create meaning beyond literal interpretation | "The world is a stage" is an example of figurative language |
| Character traits | Personality or behavioral characteristics that define a fictional or real person | The character's kindness and generosity were evident in their actions |
| Theme | The underlying message or lesson in a story or text | The theme of the story was the importance of forgiveness |
| Tone | The author's attitude or mood towards the subject matter | The author's sarcastic tone added humor to the story |
| Point of view | The perspective from which a story is told (e.g. first person, third person omniscient, etc.) | The story was told from the third person limited point of view |
| Context clues | Clues in a text that can help readers determine the meaning of unfamiliar words or phrases | The author provided context clues to help the reader understand the historical references |
| Plot | The sequence of events that make up a story | The plot of the novel was full of twists and turns |
| Setting | The time and place in which a story takes place | The setting of the movie was a small town in the 1950s |
| Conflict | The central problem or struggle in a story | The main character's conflict was trying to choose between two potential love interests |
| Resolution | The solution to the central conflict in a story | The resolution of the story was the main character choosing their true love |
| Foreshadowing | Hints or clues about what will happen later in a story | The mysterious phone call early in the movie was a foreshadowing of the climactic scene |
| Irony | The use of language or situation to convey the opposite of what is expected or intended | The situational irony |
| Figurative Language | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Metaphor | A comparison between two unlike things without using "like" or "as" | "Life is a journey" |
| Simile | A comparison between two things using "like" or "as" | "Her eyes are like the stars" |
| Imagery | Language that creates a sensory experience for the reader | "The aroma of freshly-baked bread filled the air" |
| Symbolism | The use of objects or images to represent abstract ideas or themes | The American flag symbolizes freedom and patriotism |
| Personification | A figure of speech that attributes human qualities or characteristics to non-human entities | "The wind howled through the night" |
| Literary Elements | Definition | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Character Traits | Personality or behavioral characteristics that define a fictional or real person | Kind, ambitious, loyal, intelligent |
| Theme | The underlying message or lesson in a story or text | "Love conquers all" or "Actions speak louder than words" |
| Tone | The author's attitude or mood towards the subject matter | Serious, humorous, sarcastic, optimistic |
| Point of View | The perspective from which a story is told | First person, third person limited, third person omniscient |
| Context Clues | Clues in a text that can help readers determine the meaning of unfamiliar words or phrases | Definitions, examples, synonyms |
| Plot | The sequence of events that make up a story | The hero goes on a journey to defeat the villain and save the kingdom |
| Setting | The time and place in which a story takes place | A dystopian society in a post-apocalyptic world |
| Conflict | The central problem or struggle in a story | The protagonist is torn between duty and desire |
| Resolution | The solution to the central conflict in a story | The hero defeats the villain and restores peace to the kingdom |
| Foreshadowing | Hints or clues about what will happen later in a story | The protagonist dreams about a future event that later comes true |
| Irony | The use of language or situation to convey the opposite of what is expected or intended | A fire station burning down |
| Allusion | A reference to a well-known person, place, or event in history, literature, or culture | "He had a Herculean task ahead of him" |
| Genre | A category or type of literature | Fiction, non-fiction, poetry, drama |
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