Reading Topics

Monday, May 23, 2011

ESL English as a Second Language

FREE ESL Resources For Teachers and Students. ESL Vocabulary, Test, Books, Lessons and Online Content. ESL English as a Second Language.


읽고 쓰는 영어 학습



The Program Is Fast, Rigorous, Enriching, and Fun.
Learn English in 20 days!

107 words make up over 50% of the words you read and speak!
1000 words make up 75-80% of the words you read and speak!
5,000 words make up 85-90% of the words you read and speak!

Start with the words you already know that are common in both languages!

Cognate Examples:
English Spanish

accident accidente
accidental accidental
accompany (to) acompañar
acrobatic acrobático(a)
active activo (a)
activities actividades
admire (to) admirar

Complete Cognates for English/Spanish 

Dolch word list
The Dolch Word List is a list of frequently used words compiled by Edward William Dolch, PhD. The list was prepared in 1936. The list was originally published in his book Problems in Reading in 1948. Under the copyright laws in effect during the time of publication, the Dolch word list is out of copyright.


Dolch compiled the list based on children's books of his era. The list contains 220 "service words" that have to be easily recognized in order to achieve reading fluency in English. The compilation excludes nouns, which comprise a separate 95-word list.


Many of the 220 Dolch words can’t be “sounded out” using common sound-to-letter implicit phonics patterns and have to be learned by sight; hence the alternative term, “sight word." Although the list is divided into grades, for native English speakers, all the words in the Dolch should be mastered by the end of 1st grade
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

DOLCH WORDS

Pre-primer: a, and, away, big, blue, can, come, down, find, for, funny, go, help, here, I, in, is, it, jump, little, look, make, me, my, not, one, play, red, run, said, see, the, three, to, two, up, we, where, yellow, you
Primer: all, am, are, at, ate, be, black, brown, but, came, did, do, eat, four, get, good, have, he, into, like, must, new, no, now, on, our, out, please, pretty, ran, ride, saw, say, she, so, soon, that, there, they, this, too, under, want, was, well, went, what, white, who, will, with, yes
1st Grade: after, again, an, any, as, ask, by, could, every, fly, from, give, giving, had, has, her, him, his, how, just, know, let, live, may, of, old, once, open, over, put, round, some, stop, take, thank, them, then, think, walk, were, when
2nd Grade: always, around, because, been, before, best, both, buy, call, cold, does, don't, fast, first, five, found, gave, goes, green, its, made, many, off, or, pull, read, right, sing, sit, sleep, tell, their, these, those, upon, us, use, very, wash, which, why, wish, work, would, write, your
3rd Grade: about, better, bring, carry, clean, cut, done, draw, drink, eight, fall, far, full, got, grow, hold, hot, hurt, if, keep, kind, laugh, light, long, much, myself, never, only, own, pick, seven, shall, show, six, small, start, ten, today, together, try, warm
Nouns: apple, baby, back, ball, bear, bed, bell, bird, birthday, boat, box, boy, bread, brother, cake, car, cat, chair, chicken, children, Christmas, coat, corn, cow, day, dog, doll, door, duck, egg, eye, farm, farmer, father, feet, fire, fish, floor, flower, game, garden, girl, good-bye, grass, ground, hand, head, hill, home, horse, house, kitty, leg, letter, man, men, milk, money, morning, mother, name, nest, night, paper, party, picture, pig, rabbit, rain, ring, robin, Santa Claus, school, seed, sheep, shoe, sister, snow, song, squirrel, stick, street, sun, table, thing, time, top, toy, tree, watch, water, way, wind, window, wood


Build your own English language dictionary with phrases, definitions,
and important examples of key vocabulary including cognates.

Use the 1000 most used words in English as the foundation of your
self-made language dictionary. The First 100      Source Wiki

a · about · after · all · and · any · an · are · as · at · been · before · be · but · by ·
can · could · did · down · do · first · for · from · good · great · had · has · have
her · he · him · his ·if · into · in · is · its · it · I · know · like · little · made · man 
may · men · me · more · Mr · much · must · my · not · now · no · of · on · one
only · or · other · our · out · over · said ·see · she · should · some · so · such
than · that · the · their · them · then · there · these · they · this · time · to · two
upon · up · us · very · was · were · we · what · when · which ·who · will · with
would · you · your


Learn the first 1000 English words making flash cards. Then over time learn 
the first 2000 most used English words saying them over and over, writing and
listening. Make flash cards to learn the 200 most used sayings, metaphors, 
expressions, cognates, and phrases. Learn the words and phrase by sight, 
sound and articulation through repetition.

  1. Matt Purland - 2004 - 220 pages - Full view
    Essential English The English Alphabet There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. There are 5 vowels: A, E, I, O and U. The rest of the letters are consonants. Practise reading the letters out loud: Capital letters (upper case ...
    books.google.com - Add to My Library
  2. Matt Purland - 2004 - 113 pages - Full view
    Test Your Grammar Skills What's the Infinitive...? The infinitive is the basic form of a verb.. Underline the verb(s) in each sentence below. 2. Write the infinitive form of the verb(s) next to the sentence: For example: I went shopping ...
    books.google.com - Add to My Library
  3. Matt Purland - 2005 - 111 pages - Full view
    Common Grammar Mistakes in Written and Oral Work. The verb doesn't agree with the subject: a) There are many person in this class. b) The film finish at four o'clock. Advice: The verb should agree with the subject: a) There are many ...
    books.google.com - Add to My Library
  4. How to Use this Course • Each lesson focuses on a specific vocabulary topic, for example "Town". For each lesson the teacher can draw from seven different activities: Sentence Blocks Discussion Questions Role Plays Discussion Words...
    books.google.com - Add to My Library

English Comprehension Library 
  1. The only subtopics for which there is no reading comprehension research are those related to learner ... OVERALL QUESTION Does participation in adult basic education increase ABE students'reading comprehension achievement?...
    books.google.com - Add to My Library
  2. Marcy Stein - 1994 - 122 pages - Full view
    17) Skilled reading is fluent. Becoming a skilled reader depends on mastering basic processes to the point where they are automatic, so that attention is freed for the analysis of meaning. BTR: (p. 127) Reading comprehension depends on...
    books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library
  3. Bennie Armbruster - 2002 - 58 pages - Full view
    Before reading, they might clarify their purpose for reading and preview the text. During reading, they might monitor their understanding, adjusting their readingspeed to fit the difficulty of the text and "fixing up" any comprehension ...
    books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library
  4. Anthony V. Manzo, Ula Casale Manzo - 1990 - 516 pages - Full view
    The value of cloze in this regard was pursued by John Bormuth (1965), who was able to show that correlations of cloze passage testing with reading comprehension were very high and consistent across age and most grade levels. ...
    books.google.com - Add to My Library
  5. Despite the limitations of this study as designed and administered, it is clear that the findings do not provide evidence that introducing text selection on an assessment of reading comprehension results in higher levels of performance....
    books.google.com - Add to My Library
  6. No cover image
    These reading projects were often connected with the English work by requiring the pupils to reproduce some of the paragraphs in their own words. In the fourth, fifth, and sixth grades these special reading comprehension projects were ...
    books.google.com - More editions - Add to My Library
  7. Marilyn Binkley - 1996 - 67 pages - Full view
    Given the widespread concern about the effects of educational, social, and economic disadvantage in American life, we examine the linkage of parental educational and economic attainments to reading comprehension...
    books.google.com - Add to My Library
TAKS TEXAS READING EXAMS LINKS

English Reading Comprehension Test 

2008–2009 School Year TAKS


GradeReleased TestsAnswer Keys and Other Documents
3ReadingMathReading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Dyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
4ReadingMathWritingReading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Writing Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists,
Scoring Guide
5ReadingMathScienceReading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Science Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
6ReadingMathReading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Dyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
7ReadingMathWritingReading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Writing Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists,
Scoring Guide
8ReadingMathScience,
Social Studies
Reading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Science Answer KeySocial Studies Answer Key,
Dyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
9ReadingMathReading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Scoring Guide
10ELAMathScience,
Social Studies
ELA Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Science Answer KeySocial Studies Answer Key,
Scoring Guide Part 1Scoring Guide Part 2
10ELA Make-upELA Make-up Answer KeyScoring Guide Part 1,Scoring Guide Part 2
Exit LevelELAMathScience,
Social Studies
ELA Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Science Answer KeySocial Studies Answer Key,Scoring Guide Part 1Scoring Guide Part 2

2008–2009 School Year, Spanish TAKS

GradeReleased TestsAnswer Keys and Other Documents
3ReadingMathReading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Dyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
4ReadingMathWritingReading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Writing Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists,Scoring Guide
5ReadingMathScienceReading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Science Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
6ReadingMathReading Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Dyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists

2005–2006 School Year, English TAKS

Refer to the 10/10/05 letter to districts regarding the Fall TAKS Exit Level Retests.
GradeReleased TestsAnswer Keys and Other Documents
3ReadingAnswer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
3Reading (April Retest), MathAnswer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
3Reading (June Retest)Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
4Reading, Math, WritingAnswer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists,
Scoring Guide
5Reading, Math, ScienceAnswer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
5Reading (April Retest),
Math (May Retest)
Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
5Reading (June Retest),
Math (June Retest)
Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
6Reading, MathAnswer Key
7Reading, Math, WritingAnswer KeyScoring Guide
8Reading, Math, Science, Social StudiesAnswer Key
9Reading, MathAnswer KeyScoring Guide
10ELA, Math, Science, Social StudiesAnswer KeyScoring Guide Part 1,Scoring Guide Part 2
10ELA Make-upAnswer KeyScoring Guide Part 1,Scoring Guide Part 2
Exit LevelOct. Retests: ELA, Math, Science,
Social Studies
Answer KeyScoring Guide Part 1,Scoring Guide Part 2
Exit LevelFall Retests: ELA, Math, Science,
Social Studies
Answer KeyScoring Guide Part 1,Scoring Guide Part 2
Exit LevelPrimary: ELA
Feb. Retests: ELA, Math, Science,
Social Studies
Answer KeyScoring Guide Part 1,Scoring Guide Part 2
Exit LevelPrimary: Math, Science, Social Studies
April Retests: ELA, Math, Science,
Social Studies
Answer KeyScoring Guide Part 1,Scoring Guide Part 2
Exit LevelJuly Retests: ELA, Math, Science,
Social Studies
Answer KeyScoring Guide Part 1,Scoring Guide Part 2

2005–2006 School Year, Spanish TAKS

GradeReleased TestsAnswer Keys and Other Documents
3ReadingAnswer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
3Reading (April Retest), MathAnswer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
3Reading (June Retest)Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
4Reading, Math, WritingAnswer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists,
Scoring Guide
5Reading, Math, ScienceAnswer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
5Reading (April Retest),
Math (May Retest)
Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
5Reading (June Retest),
Math (June Retest)
Answer KeyDyslexia Proper-Nouns Lists
6Reading, MathAnswer Key

2003–2004 School Year, English TAKS

GradeReleased TestsAnswer Keys and Other Documents
3ReadingAnswer Key
3Reading (April Retest), MathAnswer Key
3Reading (June Retest)Answer Key
4Reading, Math, WritingAnswer KeyScoring Guide
5Reading, Math, ScienceAnswer Key
6Reading, MathAnswer Key
7Reading, Math, WritingAnswer KeyScoring Guide
8Reading, Math, Social StudiesAnswer Key
9Reading, MathAnswer KeyScoring Guide
10ELA, Math, Science, Social StudiesAnswer KeyScoring Guide
10ELA Make-upAnswer KeyScoring Guide
Exit LevelELA, Math, Science, Social StudiesAnswer KeyScoring Guide,
Score Point 4 Composition
Exit LevelJuly Retests: ELA, Math, Science,
Social Studies
Answer KeyScoring Guide

2003–2004 School Year, Spanish TAKS

GradeReleased TestsAnswer Keys and Other Documents
3ReadingAnswer Key
3Reading (April Retest), MathAnswer Key
3Reading (June Retest)Answer Key
4Reading, Math, WritingAnswer KeyScoring Guide
5Reading, Math, ScienceAnswer Key
6Reading, MathAnswer Key

2002–2003 School Year, English TAKS

Refer to the 08/04/03 letter to districts regarding the 2003 TAKS released test items.
GradeReleased TestsAnswer Keys and Other Documents
3ReadingAnswer Key
3Reading (April Retest), MathAnswer Key
3Reading (July Retest)Answer Key
4Reading, Math, WritingAnswer KeyScoring GuideSample Compositions
5Reading, Math, ScienceAnswer Key
6Reading, MathAnswer Key
7Reading, Math, WritingAnswer KeyScoring GuideSample Compositions
8Reading, Math, Social StudiesAnswer Key
9Reading, MathAnswer KeyScoring Guide
10ELAMathScience,
Social Studies
ELA Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Science Answer KeySocial Studies Answer Key,
Scoring GuideSample Compositions
Exit LevelELAMathScience,
Social Studies
ELA Answer KeyMath Answer Key,
Science Answer KeySocial Studies Answer Key,
Scoring GuideSample Compositions

2002–2003 School Year, Spanish TAKS

GradeReleased TestsAnswer Keys and Other Documents
3ReadingAnswer Key
3Reading (April Retest), MathAnswer Key
3Reading (July Retest)Answer Key
4Reading, Math, WritingAnswer KeyScoring GuideSample Compositions
5Reading, Math, ScienceAnswer Key
6Reading, MathAnswer Key

Interactive online versions of the TAKS and the TAKS–M released tests. Links

Spring 2009, English and Spanish TAKS

GradeSpring 2009 English TAKSSpring 2009 Spanish TAKS
3ReadingMathReadingMath
4ReadingMathWritingWriting PromptReadingMathWritingWriting Prompt
5ReadingMathScienceReadingMathScience
6ReadingMathReadingMath
7ReadingMathWritingWriting Prompt 
8ReadingMathSocial StudiesScience 
9ReadingMath 
10ELAELA PromptMathSocial Studies,Science 
Exit LevelELAELA PromptMathSocial Studies,Science 

Spring 2009, TAKS–M

GradeSpring 2009 TAKS–M
3ReadingMath
4ReadingMathWritingWriting Prompt
5ReadingMathScience
6ReadingMath
7ReadingMathWritingWriting Prompt
8ReadingMathSocial StudiesScience
9ReadingMath
10ELAELA PromptMathSocial StudiesScience
11ELAELA PromptMathSocial StudiesScience

Spring 2006, English and Spanish TAKS

GradeSpring 2006 English TAKSSpring 2006 Spanish TAKS
3ReadingMathReadingMath
4ReadingMathWritingWriting PromptReadingMathWritingWriting Prompt
5ReadingMathScienceReadingMathScience
6ReadingMathReadingMath
7ReadingMathWritingWriting Prompt 
8ReadingMathSocial StudiesScience 
9ReadingMath 
10ELAMathSocial StudiesScience 
Exit LevelELAMathSocial StudiesScience 

Spring 2004, English and Spanish TAKS

GradeSpring 2004 English TAKSSpring 2004 Spanish TAKS
3ReadingMathReadingMath
4ReadingMathWritingWriting PromptReadingMathWritingWriting Prompt
5ReadingMathScienceReadingMathScience
6ReadingMathReadingMath
7ReadingMathWriting 
8ReadingMathSocial Studies 
9ReadingMath 

Spring 2003, English and Spanish TAKS

GradeSpring 2003 English TAKSSpring 2003 Spanish TAKS
3ReadingMathReadingMath
4ReadingMathWritingWriting PromptReadingMathWritingWriting Prompt
5ReadingMathScienceReadingMathScience
6ReadingMathReadingMath
7ReadingMathWritingWriting Prompt 
8ReadingMathSocial Studies 
9ReadingMath 
10ELAMathSocial StudiesScience 
Exit LevelELAMathSocial StudiesScience

Reading comprehension is the desired outcome of all 
reading programs. Years of methodical process and
intention may leave you seeking new processes to 
improve student results. 
Reading Boot Camp is used during the first 20 days of school to learn the
basics of English literacy. We spend 120 hours reading, singing, articulating,
writing, and focusing on building the foundations in word and phrase knowledge.
The Program is fast, rigorous, challenging, and fun.

Reading Program Overview
Reading Boot Camp is a free open source language arts intervention
program designed to turn around an entire school in just 20 days! 
Teaching every child in your school to read, write and speak English
in twenty days is not only radical but saves thousands in program cost.
Turning the reading establishment on its head and saving a lost 
generation is a radical idea. Spending education budgets on great 
literature for students, instead of reading software, basal readers,
reading intervention programs, and teacher in-service training is a 
radical idea. Insuring that all students have a real future is just a pipe
dream if we stay on this path of chasing reading rainbows. Teaching 
ten years in high-poverty schools, with over 85% of the students at 
risk, 40-70% of students that are second language learners has 
taught me we have lost our way and the establishment is broken. 
We buy into every program that comes down the pike promising 
success, yet here we are failing our most needy students. Putting 
great literature, poetry, and books in children’s hands is the 
foundation of Reading Boot Camp, not predigested workbooks, 
endless teacher-made photo copies, and needless busy work. 
Reading Boot Camp is back to basics with a sledge hammer 
to the outsider. Students find it rewarding and fantastic!

Reading Boot Camp Purpose 
Purposes 1) Launch students into the rigorous and intensive
language art program that is taught throughout the year:
 2) Accelerate the closure of the academic achievement
 gap in lowest quartile students; and 3) Teach the students
 school etiquette, classroom manners, discipline, responsibility
 and a foundations in classic children’s literature...

Reading Program Effectiveness: 20 Days!
Eight students are now at grade level! 85% of students made more that one 
year growth in reading. The mean for students not participating in Reading 
Boot Camp is 194.3 RIT for 4th grade, students participating in Reading
Boot Camp the mean is 205.4.
The 20 Day Intervention Is Fast, Rigorous, Enriching, and Fun.

YES! STUDENTS SPEND 20 FULL DAYS BUILDING LITERACY! 
Quick Look

Buddy Reading
Music and Lyrics
Comprehension Building Games
American Juku
Alphabetics
Recitation
Peer Tutoring
Fireside Book Club
Reading Master By Grade Competition

Please let me know if you would like to participate in 
Reading Boot Camp Training!
Sean Taylor M. Ed
Free ESL Resources For Teachers and Students!
Alphabetics
Recitation
Peer Tutoring
Fireside Book Club
Reading Master By Grade Competition
Reading Journals

Uses with board games


ESL and ELL Reading Resources

Free ESL and Ell Pennington Assessments 

Learning To Read English!

“The great object to be accomplished in reading as a rhetorical exercise is, to convey to the hearer, fully and clearly, the ideas and feelings of the writer.” McGuffey, William

Learning to read is a need that must be met with with great enthusiasm by both teacher and student.  The process is easy for most and utterly difficult for a few.  

The Five Domains of Reading 

1. Vocabulary: 
The four types of vocabulary. 
auditory, 
spoken, 
reading, 
writing

2. Phonemic Awareness:  is a subset of phonological awareness in which listeners are able to hear, identify and manipulate phonemes, the smallest units of sound that can differentiate meaning. Separating the spoken word "cat" into three distinct phonemes, /k/, /æ/, and /t/, requires phonemic awareness.

3. Phonics : refers to a method for teaching speakers of English to read and write that language. Phonics involves teaching how to connect the sounds of spoken English with letters or groups of letters (e.g., that the sound /k/ can be represented by c, k, ck, ch, or q spellings) and teaching them to blend the sounds of letters together to produce approximate pronunciations of unknown words.

4. Fluency: is the ability to read text accurately and quickly. Fluency bridges word decoding and comprehension. Comprehension is understanding what has been read. Fluency is a set of skills that allows readers to rapidly decode text while maintaining a high level of comprehension (National Reading Panel, 2001).


5. Reading Comprehension: is defined as the level of understanding of a writing

44 Phonemes are the foundation of all beginning reading programs. 

The English Alphabet Code 'Key': 
44 phonemes with their common 'sound pattern' representations:Vowels (19):
  1. |a| mat
  2. |ae| ape, baby, rain, tray, they, eight
  3. |air| square, bear
  4. |ar| jar, fast
  5. |e| peg, bread
  6. |ee| sweet, me, beach, key, pony
  7. |i| pig, wanted
  8. |ie| kite, wild, light, fly
  9. |o| log, orange
  10. |oe| bone, boat, snow
  11. |oi| coin, boy
  12. |oo| book, would, put
  13. |ow| down, house
  14. |or| fork, ball, sauce, law,
  15. |u| plug, glove
  16. |ur| burn, teacher, work, first
  17. |ue| blue, moon, screw, tune
  18. |uh| (schwa) button, computer, hidden, doctor
  19. |w| wet, wheelConsonants (25):
  20. |b| boy, rabbit
  21. |ks|gz| box exist
  22. |c|k| cat |key, duck, school
  23. |ch| chip, watch
  24. |d| dog, ladder
  25. |f| fish, coffee, photo, tough
  26. |g| gate, egg, ghost
  27. |h| hat, whole
  28. |j| jet, giant, cage, bridge
  29. |l| lip, bell, sample
  30. |m| man, hammer, comb
  31. |n| nut, dinner, knee, gnat
  32. |ng| ring, singer
  33. |p| pan, happy
  34. |kw| queen
  35. |r| rat, cherry, write
  36. |s| sun, dress, house, city, mice
  37. |sh| ship, mission, station, chef
  38. |t| tap, letter, debt
  39. |th| thrush
  40. |th| that
  41. |v| vet, sleeve
  42. |y| yes
  43. |z| zip, fizz, sneeze, is, cheese
  44. |zh| treasure
Mastering the Dolch Sight words are a key component in the learning process.

Sight words do not always follow phonemic rules and must be mastered by sight.

Sight Words: are any word that is known by a reader automatically. Sight words are the basis behind the whole-word approach to reading education. Some have suggested that sight words and the whole-word approach to reading are a significant teaching technique considering 65% of the population identify themselves as visual learners. However, the majority of recent educational research suggests that phonetic based learning strategies are more effective for languages written with alphabets, such as English. Small children are also predominantly visual learners and can therefore learn to read more effectively using sight words and the whole-word approach, if their language has an ideographic or syllabic writing system, such as Japanese or Chinese. Scientific studies have also shown that children with learning difficulties such as Dyslexia, Autism or Down syndrome are also visual learners, and therefore also read words as pictures[citation needed]. In learning to read via the sight words, readers begin to understand that a word represents a 'thing'. wiki article

PRESCHOOL: a, and, away, big, blue, can, come, down, find, for, funny, go, help, here, I, in, is, it, jump, little, look, make, me, my, not, one, play, red, run, said, see, the, three, to, two, up, we, where, yellow, you

KINDERGARTEN: all, am, are, at, ate, be, black, brown, but, came, did, do, eat, four, get, good, have, he, into, like, must, new, no, now, on, our, out, please, pretty, ran, ride, saw, say, she, so, soon, that, there, they, this, too, under, want, was, well, went, what, white, who, will, with, yes

1st Grade: after, again, an, any, as, ask, by, could, every, fly, from, give, giving, had, has, her, him, his, how, just, know, let, live, may, of, old, once, open, over, put, round, some, stop, take, thank, them, then, think, walk, were, when

2nd Grade: always, around, because, been, before, best, both, buy, call, cold, does, don't, fast, first, five, found, gave, goes, green, its, made, many, off, or, pull, read, right, sing, sit, sleep, tell, their, these, those, upon, us, use, very, wash, which, why, wish, work, would, write, your

3rd Grade: about, better, bring, carry, clean, cut, done, draw, drink, eight, fall, far, full, got, grow, hold, hot, hurt, if, keep, kind, laugh, light, long, much, myself, never, only, own, pick, seven, shall, show, six, small, start, ten, today, together, try, warm

Nouns: apple, baby, back, ball, bear, bed, bell, bird, birthday, boat, box, boy, bread, brother, cake, car, cat, chair, chicken, children, Christmas, coat, corn, cow, day, dog, doll, door, duck, egg, eye, farm, farmer, father, feet, fire, fish, floor, flower, game, garden, girl, good-bye, grass, ground, hand, head, hill, home, horse, house, kitty, leg, letter, man, men, milk, money, morning, mother, name, nest, night, paper, party, picture, pig, rabbit, rain, ring, robin, Santa Claus, school, seed, sheep, shoe, sister, snow, song, squirrel, stick, street, sun, table, thing, time, top, toy, tree, watch, water, way, wind, window, wood

The articulated/spoken daily vocabulary of Americans is 1000-2000 words for non college educated adults and 2000-3000 words for college educated adults. 
  • 107 words make up over 50% of the words you read! 
  • 1000 words make up 75-80% of the words you read! 
  • 5,000 words make up 85-90% of the words you read!

BASIC WORDS YOU MUST MASTER IN ENGLISH!

This is a list of the 850 words in the Basic English core vocabulary. These words all denote simple concepts commonly used in everyday life.  Charles Kay Ogden 

Wiki Appendix:Basic English word list


Operations - 100 words

come, get, give, go, keep, let, make, put, seem, take, be, do, have, say, see, send, may, will, about, across, after, against, among, at, before, between, by, down, from, in, off, on, over, through, to, under, up, with, as, for, of, till, than, a, the, all, any, every, no, other, some, such, that, this, I, he, you, who, and, because, but, or, if, though, while, how, when, where, why, again, ever, far, forward, here, near, now, out, still, then, there, together, well, almost, enough, even, little, much, not, only, quite, so, very, tomorrow, yesterday, north, south, east, west, please, yes.
400 general words

A-F
account, act, addition, adjustment, advertisement, agreement, air, amount, amusement, animal, answer, apparatus, approval, argument, art, attack, attempt, attention, attraction, authority, back, balance, base, behaviour, belief, birth, bit, bite, blood, blow, body, brass, bread, breath, brother, building, burn, burst, business, butter, canvas, care, cause, chalk, chance, change, cloth, coal, colour, comfort, committee, company, comparison, competition, condition, connection, control, cook, copper, copy, cork, cotton, cough, country, cover, crack, credit, crime, crush, cry, current, curve, damage, danger, daughter, day, death, debt, decision, degree, design, desire, destruction, detail, development, digestion, direction, discovery, discussion, disease, disgust, distance, distribution, division, doubt, drink, driving, dust, earth, edge, education, effect, end, error, event, example, exchange, existence, expansion, experience, expert, fact, fall, family, father, fear, feeling, fiction, field, fight, fire, flame, flight, flower, fold, food, force, form, friend, front, fruit
G-O
glass, gold, government, grain, grass, grip, group, growth, guide, harbour, harmony, hate, hearing, heat, help, history, hole, hope, hour, humour, ice, idea, impulse, increase, industry, ink, insect, instrument, insurance, interest, invention, iron, jelly, join, journey, judge, jump, kick, kiss, knowledge, land, language, laugh, law, lead, learning, leather, letter, level, lift, light, limit, linen, liquid, list, look, loss, love, machine, man, manager, mark, market, mass, meal, measure, meat, meeting, memory, metal, middle, milk, mind, mine, minute, mist, money, month, morning, mother, motion, mountain, move, music, name, nation, need, news, night, noise, note, number, observation, offer, oil, operation, opinion, order, organization, ornament, owner
P-Z
page, pain, paint, paper, part, paste, payment, peace, person, place, plant, play, pleasure, point, poison, polish, porter, position, powder, power, price, print, process, produce, profit, property, prose, protest, pull, punishment, purpose, push, quality, question, rain, range, rate, ray, reaction, reading, reason, record, regret, relation, religion, representative, request, respect, rest, reward, rhythm, rice, river, road, roll, room, rub, rule, run, salt, sand, scale, science, sea, seat, secretary, selection, self, sense, servant, sex, shade, shake, shame, shock, side, sign, silk, silver, sister, size, sky, sleep, slip, slope, smash, smell, smile, smoke, sneeze, snow, soap, society, son, song, sort, sound, soup, space, stage, start, statement, steam, steel, step, stitch, stone, stop, story, stretch, structure, substance, sugar, suggestion, summer, support, surprise, swim, system, talk, taste, tax, teaching, tendency, test, theory, thing, thought, thunder, time, tin, top, touch, trade, transport, trick, trouble, turn, twist, unit, use, value, verse, vessel, view, voice, walk, war, wash, waste, water, wave, wax, way, weather, week, weight, wind, wine, winter, woman, wood, wool, word, work, wound, writing, year.
Things - 201 picturable words

angle, ant, apple, arch, arm, army, baby, bag, ball, band, basin, basket, bath, bed, bee, bell, berry, bird, blade, board, boat, bone, book, boot, bottle, box, boy, brain, brake, branch, brick, bridge, brush, bucket, bulb, button, cake, camera, card, carpet, cart, carriage, cat, chain, cheese, chest, chin, church, circle, clock, cloud, coat, collar, comb, cord, cow, cup, curtain, cushion,depression, dog, door, drain, drawer, dress, drop, ear, egg, engine, eye, face, farm, feather, finger, fish, flag, floor, fly, foot, fork, fowl, frame, garden, girl, glove, goat, gun, hair, hammer, hand, hat, head, heart, hook, horn, horse, hospital, house, island, jewel, kettle, key, knee, knife, knot, leaf, leg, library, line, lip, lock, map, match, monkey, moon, mouth, muscle, nail, neck, needle, nerve, net, nose, nut, office, orange, oven, parcel, pen, pencil, picture, pig, pin, pipe, plane, plate, plough, pocket, pot, potato, prison, pump, rail, rat, receipt, ring, rod, roof, root, rug, sail, school, scissors, screw, seed, sheep, shelf, ship, shirt, shoe, skin, skirt, snake, sock, spade, sponge, spoon, spring, square, stamp, star, station, stem, stick, stocking, stomach, store, street, sun, table, tail, thread, throat, thumb, ticket, toe, tongue, tooth, town, train, tray, tree, trousers, umbrella, wall, watch, wheel, whip, whistle, window, wing, wire, worm.
Qualities - 100 descriptive words

able, acid, angry, automatic, beautiful, black, boiling, bright, broken, brown, cheap, chemical, chief, clean, clear, common, complex, conscious, cut, deep, dependent, early, elastic, electric, equal, fat, fertile, first, fixed, flat, free, frequent, full, general, good, great, grey, hanging, happy, hard, healthy, high, hollow, important, kind, like, living, long, male, married, material, medical, military, natural, necessary, new, normal, open, parallel, past, physical, political, poor, possible, present, private, probable, quick, quiet, ready, red, regular, responsible, right, round, same, second, separate, serious, sharp, smooth, sticky, stiff, straight, strong, sudden, sweet, tall, thick, tight, tired, true, violent, waiting, warm, wet, wide, wise, yellow, young.
Qualities - 50 opposites

awake, bad, bent, bitter, blue, certain, cold, complete, cruel, dark, dead, dear, delicate, different, dirty, dry, false, feeble, female, foolish, future, green, ill, last, late, left, loose, loud, low, mixed, narrow, old, opposite, public, rough, sad, safe, secret, short, shut, simple, slow, small, soft, solid, special, strange, thin, white, wrong.

Learning Vocabulary 
  • Indirectly. Children learn the meanings of most words indirectly, through everyday experiences with oral and written language--e.g., through conversations with adults, through being read to, and through reading extensively on their own. 
  • Directly. Children learn vocabulary directly when they are explicitly taught both individual words and word-learning strategies. 
  • Vocabulary refers to the words we must know to communicate effectively in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Vocabulary plays an important part in learning to read. Children use words in their oral vocabulary to make sense of the words they see in print. 
  • Vocabulary is also important in reading comprehension. Readers cannot understand what they are reading unless they know what most of the words mean.
  • Find great literature and dive in.

Free ESL and Ell Pennington Assessments 

Irregular English Verbs

Base Form

awake
Simple Past Tense

awoke
Past Participle

awoken
be
was, were
been
bear
bore
born
beat
beat
beat
become
became
become
begin
began
begun
bend
bent
bent
beset
beset
beset
bet
bet
bet
bid
bid/bade
bid/bidden
bind
bound
bound
bite
bit
bitten
bleed
bled
bled
blow
blew
blown
break
broke
broken
breed
bred
bred
bring
brought
brought
broadcast
broadcast
broadcast
build
built
built
burn
burned/burnt
burned/burnt
burst
burst
burst
buy
bought
bought
cast
cast
cast
catch
caught
caught
choose
chose
chosen
cling
clung
clung
come
came
come
cost
cost
cost
creep
crept
crept
cut
cut
cut
deal
dealt
dealt
dig
dug
dug
dive
dived/dove
dived
do
did
done
draw
drew
drawn
dream
dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt
drive
drove
driven
drink
drank
drunk
eat
ate
eaten
fall
fell
fallen
feed
fed
fed
feel
felt
felt
fight
fought
fought
find
found
found
fit
fit
fit
flee
fled
fled
fling
flung
flung
fly
flew
flown
forbid
forbade
forbidden
forget
forgot
forgotten
forego (forgo)
forewent
foregone
forgive
forgave
forgiven
forsake
forsook
forsaken
freeze
froze
frozen
get
got
gotten
give
gave
given
go
went
gone
grind
ground
ground
grow
grew
grown
hang
hung
hung
hear
heard
heard
hide
hid
hidden
hit
hit
hit
hold
held
held
hurt
hurt
hurt
keep
kept
kept
kneel
knelt
knelt
knit
knit
knit
know
knew
know
lay
laid
laid
lead
led
led
leap
leaped/leapt
leaped/leapt
learn
learned/learnt
learned/learnt
leave
left
left
lend
lent
lent
let
let
let
lie
lay
lain
light
lighted/lit
lighted
lose
lost
lost
make
made
made
mean
meant
meant
meet
met
met
misspell
misspelled/misspelt
misspelled/misspelt
mistake
mistook
mistaken
mow
mowed
mowed/mown
overcome
overcame
overcome
overdo
overdid
overdone
overtake
overtook
overtaken
overthrow
overthrew
overthrown
pay
paid
paid
plead
pled
pled
prove
proved
proved/proven
put
put
put
quit
quit
quit
read
read
read
rid
rid
rid
ride
rode
ridden
ring
rang
rung
rise
rose
risen
run
ran
run
saw
sawed
sawed/sawn
say
said
said
see
saw
seen
seek
sought
sought
sell
sold
sold
send
sent
sent
set
set
set
sew
sewed
sewed/sewn
shake
shook
shaken
shave
shaved
shaved/shaven
shear
shore
shorn
shed
shed
shed
shine
shone
shone
shoe
shoed
shoed/shod
shoot
shot
shot
show
showed
showed/shown
shrink
shrank
shrunk
shut
shut
shut
sing
sang
sung
sink
sank
sunk
sit
sat
sat
sleep
slept
slept
slay
slew
slain
slide
slid
slid
sling
slung
slung
slit
slit
slit
smite
smote
smitten
sow
sowed
sowed/sown
speak
spoke
spoken
speed
sped
sped
spend
spent
spent
spill
spilled/spilt
spilled/spilt
spin
spun
spun
spit
spit/spat
spit
split
split
split
spread
spread
spread
spring
sprang/sprung
sprung
stand
stood
stood
steal
stole
stolen
stick
stuck
stuck
sting
stung
stung
stink
stank
stunk
stride
strod
stridden
strike
struck
struck
string
strung
strung
strive
strove
striven
swear
swore
sworn
sweep
swept
swept
swell
swelled
swelled/swollen 
swim
swam
swum
swing
swung
swung
take
took
taken
teach
taught
taught
tear
tore
torn
tell
told
told
think
thought
thought
thrive
thrived/throve
thrived
throw
threw
thrown
thrust
thrust
thrust
tread
trod
trodden
understand
understood
understood
uphold
upheld
upheld
upset
upset
upset
wake
woke
woken
wear
wore
worn
weave
weaved/wove
weaved/woven
wed
wed
wed
weep
wept
wept
wind
wound
wound
win
won
won
withhold
withheld
withheld
withstand
withstood
withstood
wring
wrung
wrung
write
wrote
written

Verb
Preposition
Synonym
ask
out
ask someone to go on a date 
call 
back
return a telephone call 
call 
off
cancel 
call
on
ask to speak in class 
call
up
make a telephone call 
cross 
out
draw a line through 
do
over
do again 
figure 
out
find the solution to a problem 
fill
in
complete a sentence by writing in a blank 
fill 
out
write information in a form (e.g. an application form) 
fill
up
fill completely with gas, water, coffee, etc. 
find
out
discover information 
get 
in
enter a car, a taxi 
get
off
leave a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle 
get 
on
enter a bus, an airplane, a train, a subway, a bicycle 
get
over
recover from an illness 
give
back
return something to someone 
give
up
quit doing something or quit trying 
hand 
in
give homework, tests, papers, etc., to a teacher 
hand 
out
give something to this person, then that person, then another person, etc. 
hang
up
  1. hang on a hanger or a hook; 
  2. end a telephone call 
keep 
on
continue 
leave
out
omit 
look
up
look for information in a reference book 
make 
up
invent 
pay
back
return money to someone 
pick
up
lift 
put
away 
put something in its usual or proper place 
put
back
return something to its original place 
put
down
stop holding or carrying 
put 
off
postpone 
put
on
put clothes on one's body 
put 
out
extinguish (stop) a fire, a cigarette, a cigar 
run
into
meet by chance 
shut
off
stop a machine or light, turn off 
start
over
start again 
take
off
remove clothes from one's body 
tear
down
destroy a building 
tear
off
detach, tear along a dotted or perforated line 
tear 
up
tear into small pieces 
throw
away/out
put in the trash 
try
on
put on clothing to see if it fits 
turn 
down
decrease the volume 
turn 
off
stop a machine or a light, shut off 
turn
on
begin a machine or a light 
turn
up
increase the volume 
wake
up
stop sleeping 
write
down
write a note on a piece of paper 


Mandarin Chinese 

Printable PDF Mandarin Flashcards

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