Common Types of Figures of Speech on Reading Assessment and EOG EOC TEST:
Common Types of Figures of Speech: Some common figures of speech are alliteration, anaphora, antimetabole, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, hyperbole, irony, metaphor, metonymy, onomatopoeia, paradox, personification, pun, simile, synecdoche, and understatement.
Figurative Language: colorful vivid non-literal language employing figures of speech (a word or phrase used in a non-literal sense for rhetorical or vivid effect); language that cannot be taken literally or only literally. Figurative language takes ordinary everyday writing (prose) and pumps it up. It gently alludes, infers to something without directly or explicitly stating it. Figurative language is a way to engage your readers, lifting and inspiring them with a more creative and poetic tone.
Hyperbole: in rhetoric (effective or persuasive speaking or writing), an obvious and deliberate exaggeration or overstatement, intended for effect and not to be taken literally, an exaggeration for emphasis or humorous effect.
Alliteration: the repetition at close intervals of consonant sounds for a poetic effect. For example: wailing in the winter wind.
Alliteration Tongue TwistersAntithesis: a person, idea or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else, a figure of speech in which opposing and contrasting ideas, people or things are paralleled and or compared.
- Here are some fun tongue-twister examples. Try saying them quickly!
- Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers. If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?
- A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies.
- Black bug bit a big black bear. But where is the big black bear that the big black bug bit?
- Sheep should sleep in a shed.
- I saw a saw that could out saw any other saw I ever saw.
- A big bug bit the little beetle but the little beetle bit the big bug back.
- Show Shawn Sharon's shabby shoes.
- How much wood would a woodchuck chuck; If a woodchuck would chuck wood? A woodchuck would chuck all the wood he could chuck; If a woodchuck would chuck wood.
- Silly Sally swiftly shooed seven silly sheep. The seven silly sheep Silly Sally shooed shilly-shallied south. These sheep shouldn't sleep in a shack.
Antithesis Examples:Assonance: in poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel or diphthong in non-rhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for the echo to be discernible, the repetition at close intervals of vowel sounds for a non-rhyming echo. For example:
- “hatred stirs up strife, but love covers all sins”.
- "To err is human; to forgive divine." ...
- "Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice." ...
- "Many are called, but few are chosen."
Assonance examples:
- The early bird catches the worm.
- Mad as a hatter.
- Honesty is the best policy.
- Let the cat out of the bag.
- A stitch in time saves nine.
- The squeaky wheel gets the grease.
Hyperbole: in rhetoric (effective or persuasive speaking or writing), an obvious and deliberate exaggeration or overstatement, intended for effect and not to be taken literally, an exaggeration for emphasis or humorous effect.
Hyperbole ExamplesIrony: a contrastasting phrase or odd statement that is usually interesting, paradoxical, and or surprising between what one would normally expect and what the real thing or situation is. Examples of Situational Irony An anti-facebook group sets up a Facebook page to recruit new members. using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect, a contrast between appearance and actuality.
- He had a million excuses
- He runs faster than the wind.
- My backpack weighs a ton.
- That movie theater popcorn cost me a million dollars.
- My dad will kill me when he sees my grades.
- She's as skinny as a toothpick.
Types of Irony:Metaphor: a figure of speech in which a comparison or analogy is made between two seemingly unlike things, a word or phrase that is compared or applied to an idea, object or action to which it is not usually or literally related/applicable.
- Situational irony: occurs when something happens that is entirely different from what is expected.
- Dramatic irony: occurs when the reader knows information that the characters do not.
- Verbal irony: a writer says one thing, but means something entirely different.
Metaphor Examples:
- The world is a stage.
- My kid's room is a disaster area.
- Life is a rollercoaster.
- Their home was a prison.
- His heart is ice cold.
- The stars are sparkling diamonds.
- Ben's temper was a volcano, ready to explode.
- Those best friends are two peas in a pod
.
Onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words. Such as: buzz, or cuckoo, whose meaning is suggested by the sound of the word itself. (boom, click, plop)
Paradox: a seemingly absurd or contradictory idea, statement or proposition that when investigated or explicitly explained may prove to be well founded or true, a statement or situation containing obvious contradictions, but is nevertheless true.
Name:
Instructions: Write the correct word in the space before its definition. There may be more than one definition for each word.
alliteration antithesis assonance hyperbole irony onomatopoeia paradox personification pun simile understate
1. a person, idea or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else, a clear oppositeness; contrast.
2. a person considered to be a perfect example or embodiment of some quality or other abstraction.
3. a figure of speech in which two different things are compared by using the words "like" or "as." "March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb" is an example of a __________.
4. a humorous play on words based on two words that are close in sound but different in meaning.
5. the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of words in a phrase or sentence.
7. contrast that is usually interesting or surprising between what one would normally expect and what the real thing or situation is.
8. in poetry, use of the same vowel sounds in the accented syllables but with different consonants, as in "deep" and "feet".
9. in rhetoric, an obvious and deliberate exaggeration or overstatement, intended for effect and not to be taken literally, such as "He had a million excuses". (Cf. litotes.)
10. the act or technique of ascribing human attributes to nonhuman or inanimate things.
11. a statement that contradicts or seems to contradict itself, yet often expresses a truth, such as "Less is more".
12. the formation or use of words whose sounds suggest the meanings of the words, such as "bang," "moo," or "jingle".
13. a person, idea, thing, or situation that exhibits contrasting or contradictory qualities.
Common Types Figures of Speech: Name:
Instructions: Complete these sentences using the words on this list.
alliteration antithesis hyperbole irony onomatopoeia paradox personification pun simile understated
1. Her gown _______________ her womanly figure.
2. It was an _______________ when the dying person said he felt "just great."
3. the _______________ of the wise fool.
4. He _______________ the extent of the damage.
5. Much of the writer's humor arose from his brilliant use of _______________ .
6. We will study the _______________ of freedom and slavery.
7. slam, splash, bam, babble, warble, gurgle, mumble, and belch.
8. "She shears sheep" is an example of _______________ .
9. "The clouds sped by in the wind like sailboats" is an example of a _______________ .
10. He was the _______________ of humility.
11. Here is a joke that has a _______________ : There was a mushroom who couldn't understand why nobody invited him to their parties. He thought he was such a fungi!
12. Their behavior was the _______________ of good manners.
13. Mr. Taylor heard the last piece of pie calling his name.
14. It may be a _______________ , but I believe that sometimes you have to be cruel to be kind.
Paradox: a seemingly absurd or contradictory idea, statement or proposition that when investigated or explicitly explained may prove to be well founded or true, a statement or situation containing obvious contradictions, but is nevertheless true.
Paradox Examples:
- "I know that I know nothing" If I know one thing, it's that I know nothing.is the Socratic Paradox.
- This is the beginning of the end.
- Deep down, you're really shallow.
- I'm a compulsive liar.
- "What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young." - George Bernard Shaw
- "I can resist everything but temptation."
Personification Examples:Pun: a joke exploiting the two or more words which sound alike but have different meanings, A form of wit, not necessarily funny, involving a play on a word with two or more meanings.
- Lightning danced across the sky.
- The wind howled in the night.
- The car complained as they climbed the mountain.
- Mr. Taylor heard the last piece of pie calling his name.
- My alarm clock screams at me to get out of bed every morning.
Pun Examples:Simile: simile a figure of speech in which two different things are compared by using the words "like" or "as," a non-literal phrase in which two unseemingly ideas are compared to make a description more emphatic, poetic or vivid. The comparison is made explicit by the use of a word or phrase such as: like, as, than, similar to, resembles, or seems as in.
- Scientists have created a mosquito from scratch.
- Insects that make honey are always on their best bee-hive-iour.
- When a new hive is done bees have a house swarming party.
- There was a mushroom who couldn't understand why nobody invited him to their parties. He thought he was such a fungi!
Simile Examples:Understatement, Understate: is to report or state a situation, event or deed as less important than it really is. To state or represent incompletely or too conservatively or to state or present with modesty or restraint, as to create a subtle or ironic effect, a type of verbal IRONY in which something is purposely represented as being far less important than it actually is; also called meiosis.
- March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb.
- He was strong as a bull.
- You were as brave as a lion.
- They fought like cats and dogs.
- He is as funny as a barrel of monkeys.
- This house is as clean as a whistle.
- Your explanation is as clear as mud.
- Watching the show was like watching paint dry.
Understatement Examples:
- "I'm kind of excited." After you just won the biggest lottery of all time!
- "I did good on my math test." after you get 100% on you final math test.
- "It is only a small dent." After your car is totalled.
- "Looks like it rained a little bit last night." After a huge thunderstorm.
Name:
Instructions: Write the correct word in the space before its definition. There may be more than one definition for each word.
alliteration antithesis assonance hyperbole irony onomatopoeia paradox personification pun simile understate
1. a person, idea or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else, a clear oppositeness; contrast.
2. a person considered to be a perfect example or embodiment of some quality or other abstraction.
3. a figure of speech in which two different things are compared by using the words "like" or "as." "March comes in like a lion and goes out like a lamb" is an example of a __________.
4. a humorous play on words based on two words that are close in sound but different in meaning.
5. the repetition of the same sound at the beginning of words in a phrase or sentence.
6. to state or present with modesty or restraint, as to create a subtle or ironic effect.
7. contrast that is usually interesting or surprising between what one would normally expect and what the real thing or situation is.
8. in poetry, use of the same vowel sounds in the accented syllables but with different consonants, as in "deep" and "feet".
9. in rhetoric, an obvious and deliberate exaggeration or overstatement, intended for effect and not to be taken literally, such as "He had a million excuses". (Cf. litotes.)
10. the act or technique of ascribing human attributes to nonhuman or inanimate things.
11. a statement that contradicts or seems to contradict itself, yet often expresses a truth, such as "Less is more".
12. the formation or use of words whose sounds suggest the meanings of the words, such as "bang," "moo," or "jingle".
13. a person, idea, thing, or situation that exhibits contrasting or contradictory qualities.
Common Types Figures of Speech: Name:
Instructions: Complete these sentences using the words on this list.
alliteration antithesis hyperbole irony onomatopoeia paradox personification pun simile understated
1. Her gown _______________ her womanly figure.
2. It was an _______________ when the dying person said he felt "just great."
3. the _______________ of the wise fool.
4. He _______________ the extent of the damage.
5. Much of the writer's humor arose from his brilliant use of _______________ .
6. We will study the _______________ of freedom and slavery.
7. slam, splash, bam, babble, warble, gurgle, mumble, and belch.
8. "She shears sheep" is an example of _______________ .
9. "The clouds sped by in the wind like sailboats" is an example of a _______________ .
10. He was the _______________ of humility.
11. Here is a joke that has a _______________ : There was a mushroom who couldn't understand why nobody invited him to their parties. He thought he was such a fungi!
12. Their behavior was the _______________ of good manners.
13. Mr. Taylor heard the last piece of pie calling his name.
14. It may be a _______________ , but I believe that sometimes you have to be cruel to be kind.
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