Saturday, May 20, 2023

4th-grade STAAR Reading Assessment with Answers 2023-2024

4th-grade STAAR EOG reading assessment based on the STAAR Performance Standards. The assessment includes an expository reading passage and a narrative reading passage, one-part hot text questions, multiple-choice questions, and an answer key with examples at the end.

4th Grade STAAR Reading Assessment Passage Examples:

Title: "Saving the Rainforest"

The rainforest is a unique and vital ecosystem that is home to a wide variety of plants and animals. It plays a crucial role in maintaining the Earth's climate and biodiversity. However, the rainforest is under threat due to deforestation, which is the clearing of trees for various purposes. It is essential for us to understand the importance of saving the rainforest and taking action to preserve this precious resource.

One‐Part Hot Text Questions:
Choose the word that best completes the sentence.

1. The rainforest is a vital ecosystem that provides a habitat for numerous ________________.
   A) species
   B) cities
   C) inventions
   D) landmarks

2. Deforestation is the ________________ of trees in the rainforest.
   A) preservation
   B) clearing
   C) construction
   D) irrigation

Multiple-Choice Questions:

Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.

3. What is the main reason for saving the rainforest?
   A) To build more cities
   B) To study plant and animal species
   C) To increase deforestation
   D) To support climate and biodiversity

4. What is the meaning of the term "deforestation" as used in the passage?
   A) Planting more trees
   B) Clearing land for farming
   C) Protecting the rainforest
   D) Creating natural landmarks

Answer Key:

1. A
2. B
3. D
4. B

Examples at the End:

One‐Part Hot Text Question Example:
The rainforest is a vital ecosystem that provides a habitat for numerous ________________.
Correct Answer: A) species

Multiple-Choice Question Example:
What is the main reason for saving the rainforest?
Correct Answer: D) To support climate and biodiversity

What is the meaning of the term "deforestation" as used in the passage? Correct Answer: B) Clearing land for farming

4th Grade STAAR Reading Assessment Passage Examples:

Here are two narrative reading passages followed by questions about figurative language and story elements:

Narrative Reading Passage 1: "The Magical Forest"
Once upon a time, in a faraway land, there was a magical forest that enchanted anyone who entered its realm. The trees in this forest were tall and vibrant, their leaves shimmering with colors unknown to the human eye. The air was filled with the sweet scent of wildflowers, and the gentle breeze whispered secrets only the forest could comprehend.

In this forest, animals spoke in melodious voices, and the creatures of the night danced under the moonlight. It was a place where dreams came to life and imaginations ran wild. Children from nearby villages would venture into the forest, hoping to catch a glimpse of its enchantment.

One sunny morning, Sarah, a curious young girl with a heart full of wonder, decided to explore the magical forest. She walked cautiously, marveling at the beauty surrounding her. As she ventured deeper into the forest, she heard a soft rustling sound. Following the sound, she discovered a family of squirrels playing tag among the branches, their furry tails swishing with excitement.

Continuing her journey, Sarah stumbled upon a small pond, its surface sparkling like a mirror. She leaned closer, and her reflection smiled back at her. Suddenly, a mischievous pixie emerged from behind a mushroom, giggling and sprinkling magical dust into the air. Sarah couldn't help but laugh as she felt a tingling sensation, as if she, too, had been touched by magic.

As the day drew to a close, Sarah reluctantly bid farewell to the magical forest. But deep in her heart, she knew that its enchantment would forever be a part of her. She carried the memories of that extraordinary adventure with her, reminding her to cherish the magic that exists in the world, even in the most unexpected places.

Questions for Narrative Reading Passage 1:

1. Which phrase is an example of figurative language in the passage?
A) "the trees in this forest were tall and vibrant"
B) "the gentle breeze whispered secrets"
C) "animals spoke in melodious voices"
D) "the surface sparkling like a mirror"

2. What is the main message or theme of the passage?
A) The importance of exploring new places
B) The beauty and magic found in nature
C) The adventures of a curious young girl
D) The dangers of venturing into unknown forests

Narrative Reading Passage 2: "The Mysterious Key"
In a small village nestled at the foot of a towering mountain, there lived a young girl named Lily. One day, as she was playing near a babbling brook, she noticed a glimmering object hidden among the rocks. It was an old, rusty key, unlike any she had ever seen.

Lily's curiosity ignited, and she couldn't help but wonder what the key unlocked. She embarked on a quest to solve the mystery. With the key safely tucked in her pocket, she set out on an adventure that would take her through dense forests, across treacherous rivers, and up steep cliffs.

As Lily journeyed, she encountered various obstacles and met fascinating characters along the way. A wise owl guided her through the dark woods, its hoots echoing in the night. A mischievous squirrel led her to a hidden path, its bushy tail acting as a compass. And a kind-hearted fisherman shared stories of the sea, inspiring her with tales of courage and determination.

After weeks of exploration, Lily arrived at a massive wooden door at the peak of the mountain. With trembling hands, she inserted the key into the lock and turned it slowly. The door creaked open, revealing a magnificent treasure—a breathtaking view of a hidden valley bathed in golden sunlight. The valley was a paradise of vibrant flowers, cascading waterfalls, and lush greenery as far as the eye could see. Lily stood at the entrance, her heart filled with awe and wonder.

As she stepped inside, the sweet scent of wildflowers filled the air, and a gentle breeze whispered through the trees. The beauty of the place was beyond anything Lily had ever imagined. She knew that this hidden valley held secrets and mysteries waiting to be discovered.

Exploring further, Lily came across a sparkling crystal fountain at the center of the valley. Its waters shimmered with a magical hue, and she couldn't resist cupping her hands and taking a refreshing drink. To her surprise, the moment the water touched her lips, a tingling sensation spread through her body, filling her with newfound energy and clarity of mind.

In the distance, she noticed a magnificent stone pedestal adorned with intricate engravings. On top of it, there lay a weathered parchment. Lily approached and carefully unfolded it. The parchment revealed a riddle, written in elegant script:

"Through the winding path of ancient trees,
Where whispers of secrets dance in the breeze,
Seek the heart that lies hidden and true,
And the treasure of dreams will be revealed to you."

Lily pondered the riddle, her mind racing with thoughts of what the heart could represent and where it might be found. She knew that solving this riddle would unveil the ultimate mystery behind the key she had discovered.

With renewed determination, Lily ventured deeper into the valley, guided by her intuition and the clues hidden within nature's embrace. She followed the winding path, observing the delicate dance of butterflies and the melodious songs of birds.

After a long and arduous journey, she arrived at a clearing where a magnificent ancient tree stood tall. Its branches reached toward the sky, as if pointing to a spot beneath its massive trunk. Lily's heart raced with anticipation. Could this be the place the riddle spoke of?

She knelt down and gently brushed away the fallen leaves, revealing a hidden compartment nestled within the earth. With trembling hands, she inserted the key into the lock and turned it with a soft click. The ground beneath her shifted, and the earth opened up, revealing a hidden chamber.

Lily stepped inside, her eyes widening in amazement. The chamber was filled with precious treasures, sparkling gems, and ancient artifacts. But what caught her attention the most was a small, glowing heart-shaped gemstone resting on a velvet cushion. It pulsed with a gentle light, as if holding the essence of the valley itself.

As she reached out to touch the gemstone, a surge of warmth and joy washed over her. In that moment, Lily realized that the true treasure she had discovered was not material wealth but the beauty of nature, the friendships she had forged, and the strength and resilience she had developed during her quest.

With the gemstone in her hand and a heart full of gratitude, Lily knew that this adventure was only the beginning. The mysteries of the world beckoned her, and she vowed to continue exploring, unlocking the secrets that awaited her in every corner of the earth.

And so, with the key to her heart and the world at her feet, Lily embarked on a new chapter of her life—a life filled with curiosity, wonder, and the endless pursuit of discovering the extraordinary in the ordinary.

Reading Comprehension Questions:

4. Multi-Select:
Select all the obstacles that Lily encountered during her journey:
a) Dense forests
b) Treacherous rivers
c) High mountains
d) Scorching desert

5. Evidence-Based Selected Response:
Based on the passage, which character helped Lily by sharing stories of the sea?
a) Wise owl
b) Mischievous squirrel
c) Kind-hearted fisherman
d) Brave knight

6. Two-Part Hot Text:
Part 1: Complete the sentence: The key that Lily found was ____________.
Part 2: Choose the best phrase to describe the key's appearance:
a) Old and rusty
b) Shiny and new
c) Small and delicate
d) Engraved with symbols

7. Editing Task Questions:
Identify and correct the error in the following sentence: "Lily embarks on a quest and set out on an adventure."
a) Lily embarks on a quest and sets out on an adventure.
b) Lily embark on a quest and sets out on an adventure.
c) Lily embarks on a quest and set out on an adventure.
d) Lily embark on a quest and set out on an adventure.

8. Technology Enhanced Constructed Response (TECR) Grid Select:
Drag and drop the characters Lily encountered during her journey into the correct column based on their role:
Characters    | Role
------------------------------
Wise owl      | Guide
Mischievous squirrel  | Navigator
Kind-hearted fisherman | Storyteller

9. Prose Constructed Response (PCR):
Describe how Lily felt when she finally opened the massive wooden door at the peak of the mountain and discovered the treasure. Provide evidence from the passage to support your answer.
Reading Comprehension Questions:
1. What did Lily find hidden among the rocks near the brook?
2. How did Lily feel when she discovered the old key?
3. Where did Lily go on her quest to solve the mystery of the key?
4. Describe the obstacles Lily encountered during her journey.
5. Name one character Lily met during her adventure and describe their role in helping her.
6. How did the wise owl assist Lily in her journey?
7. How did the mischievous squirrel aid Lily in finding the hidden path?
8. What stories did the kind-hearted fisherman share with Lily?
9. How did Lily feel as she approached the massive wooden door?
10. What did Lily find behind the door at the peak of the mountain?

4th Grade STAAR Reading Assessment Passage Examples:

Title: "The Life Cycle of a Butterfly"

Butterflies go through a remarkable transformation known as metamorphosis. This process consists of four distinct stages: egg, caterpillar (larva), chrysalis (pupa), and adult butterfly. Understanding the life cycle of a butterfly can help us appreciate the beauty and complexity of these delicate creatures.

The life cycle begins when a female butterfly lays her eggs on the underside of a leaf. These tiny eggs are usually oval or round in shape and come in various colors. Once the eggs are laid, they are left to hatch.

From the egg emerges a caterpillar, the larval stage of a butterfly. The caterpillar's primary job is to eat and grow. It devours leaves and plants to fuel its rapid growth. As the caterpillar grows, it sheds its skin several times in a process called molting.

After the caterpillar reaches its full size, it enters the third stage of the life cycle, known as the chrysalis. Inside the chrysalis, the caterpillar undergoes a remarkable transformation. Its body breaks down, and from the cells, a new structure forms. This process can take days or even weeks, depending on the butterfly species.

Finally, the adult butterfly emerges from the chrysalis. At this stage, it has fully developed wings and can fly. The adult butterfly will spend its time seeking food, mating, and laying eggs to continue the life cycle.

One‐Part Hot Text Questions:

Choose the word that best completes the sentence.

1. The process of transformation that butterflies go through is called ________________.
   A) migration
   B) pollination
   C) metamorphosis
   D) adaptation

2. The stage of a butterfly's life cycle where it devours leaves and plants is called ________________.
   A) egg
   B) pupa
   C) larva
   D) adult

Multiple-Choice Questions:

Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.

3. What is the primary purpose of the caterpillar stage in a butterfly's life cycle?
   A) To lay eggs
   B) To mate and reproduce
   C) To eat and grow
   D) To fly and migrate

4. Which stage of the butterfly's life cycle involves the formation of a new structure inside a protective casing?
   A) Egg
   B) Caterpillar
   C) Chrysalis
   D) Adult

Answer Key:

1. C
2. C
3. C
4. C

Examples at the End:

One‐Part Hot Text Question Example:
The process of transformation that butterflies go through is called ________________.
Correct Answer: C) metamorphosis

Multiple-Choice Question Example:
What is the primary purpose of the caterpillar stage in a butterfly's life cycle?
Correct Answer: C) To eat and grow

Which stage of the butterfly's life cycle involves the formation of a new structure inside a protective casing?
Correct Answer: C) Chrysalis

Please note that this is a general sample assessment and may not align directly with the "STAAR Performance Standards" from the Texas Education Agency. It is important to refer to the official standards and guidelines4th Grade STARR Practice Reading Test: 

4th Grade STAAR Reading Assessment Passage Examples:

Title: "The Water Cycle"

The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, is the continuous movement of water on Earth. It is a process that involves the evaporation of water from bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, the condensation of water vapor into clouds, and the precipitation of water back to the Earth's surface.

Evaporation is the process in which liquid water changes into water vapor. When the sun heats up bodies of water, such as rivers and lakes, the water molecules gain energy and turn into water vapor, rising into the atmosphere. This process also occurs when plants release water through tiny openings in their leaves, known as transpiration.

Condensation is the process in which water vapor cools and changes back into liquid form. As the water vapor rises in the atmosphere, it encounters cooler temperatures and begins to condense into tiny water droplets, forming clouds. These clouds can be seen in the sky and are made up of countless water droplets.

Precipitation occurs when the water droplets in the clouds become too heavy and fall back to the Earth's surface. Precipitation can take various forms, including rain, snow, sleet, and hail. This water replenishes bodies of water, such as rivers and lakes, and also seeps into the ground, contributing to groundwater resources.

The water cycle is an essential process that helps distribute water across the Earth and plays a crucial role in the planet's ecosystems. It ensures that water is continually recycled, providing water for plants, animals, and human beings.

One‐Part Hot Text Questions:

Choose the word that best completes the sentence.

1. Evaporation is the process in which liquid water changes into ________________.
A) ice
B) steam
C) rain
D) clouds

2. Condensation is the process in which water vapor ________________.
A) turns into ice
B) changes into liquid form
C) evaporates
D) falls as precipitation

Multiple-Choice Questions:

Read the passage and choose the best answer to each question.

3. What is the water cycle also known as?
A) The condensation cycle
B) The hydrologic cycle
C) The precipitation cycle
D) The evaporation cycle

4. How do clouds form in the atmosphere?
A) Through precipitation
B) Through evaporation
C) Through condensation of water vapor
D) Through the melting of ice

Answer Key:

1. B
2. B
3. B
4. C

Examples at the End:
One‐Part Hot Text Question Example:
Evaporation is the process in which liquid water changes into ________________.
Correct Answer: B) steam

Multiple-Choice Question Example:
What is the water cycle also known as?
Correct Answer: B) The hydrologic cycle

How do clouds form in the atmosphere?
Correct Answer: C) Through condensation of water vapor

Based on your request, here is a revised version of the 4th-grade EOG reading assessment. It includes new reading passages and incorporates the types of questions you mentioned: Open Response, Multi-Select, Evidence-Based Selected Response, and Two-Part Hot Text. The assessment also includes an answer key and examples at the end.

4th Grade STAAR Reading Assessment Passage Examples:

Title: "The Solar System"

The solar system is a fascinating subject that has intrigued scientists and astronomers for centuries. It consists of the sun, eight planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other celestial objects. Each planet in our solar system has unique characteristics and plays a significant role in our understanding of the universe. Let's explore the wonders of our solar system.

Open Response Question:

1. Describe two unique characteristics of any planet in our solar system. Provide specific details and examples to support your answer.

Multi-Select Question:
Select all statements that are true about comets.

2. Which of the following statements are true about comets? Select all that apply.
   A) Comets are made up of rock and metal.
   B) Comets have a tail that is formed when they approach the sun.
   C) Comets orbit the Earth.
   D) Comets are composed mainly of ice and dust.

Evidence-Based Selected Response Question:

Read the following excerpt from the passage:

"The sun is the central star in our solar system. It is a massive ball of hot gases that provides heat and light to the planets. Without the sun, life on Earth would not be possible."

3. Which statement is supported by the evidence in the passage?
   A) The sun is a cold and dark celestial object.
   B) The sun is responsible for the existence of life on Earth.
   C) The sun is located at the outer edge of our solar system.
   D) The sun is a small star compared to other stars in the universe.

Two-Part Hot Text Question:

Read the two statements below:

Statement 1: Mercury is the closest planet to the sun.
Statement 2: Venus is the second planet from the sun.

4. Based on the statements, arrange the planets in order from the closest to the sun to the farthest from the sun. Use the letters of the statements to indicate your answer (e.g., B, A, C).

Answer Key:
1. (Sample answer) One unique characteristic of Saturn is its prominent ring system. These rings are made up of ice particles and dust, and they orbit around the planet. Another unique characteristic is the presence of numerous moons. Saturn has more than 80 moons, with the largest one being Titan, which has its atmosphere.

2. D
3. B
4. A, B

Examples at the End:

Open Response Question Example:
Describe two unique characteristics of any planet in our solar system. Provide specific details and examples to support your answer.
(Sample answer) One unique characteristic of Saturn is its prominent ring system. These rings are made up of ice particles and dust, and they orbit around the planet. Another unique characteristic is the presence of numerous moons. Saturn has more than 80 moons, with the largest one being Titan, which has its atmosphere.

Multi-Select Question Example:
Select all statements that are true about comets.
Correct Answers: B) Comets have a tail that is formed when they approach the sun.
D) Comets are composed mainly of ice and dust.

Evidence-Based Selected Response Question Example:
Which statement is supported by the evidence in the passage?
Correct Answer: B) The sun is responsible for the existence of life on Earth.

Two-Part Hot Text Question Example:
Based on the statements, arrange the planets in order from the closest to the sun to the farthest from the sun. Use the letters
Certainly! Here are two expository articles followed by questions for each:

4th Grade STAAR Reading Assessment Passage Examples:

Expository Article 1: "The Water Cycle"

The water cycle, also known as the hydrological cycle, is the continuous movement of water on Earth. It involves various processes that transfer water from one place to another, ensuring the availability of this vital resource for all living organisms. Understanding the water cycle helps us comprehend how water is distributed and how it plays a crucial role in Earth's ecosystems.

One of the key processes in the water cycle is evaporation. When the sun's heat causes water bodies such as oceans, rivers, and lakes to heat up, water molecules gain energy and transform into water vapor. This water vapor rises into the atmosphere, forming clouds through a process called condensation.

Once the water vapor has condensed into clouds, another process takes place—precipitation. Precipitation occurs when water droplets in the clouds combine and become heavy enough to fall back to the Earth's surface. It can take the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail depending on the atmospheric conditions.

After precipitation, the water undergoes two main paths: infiltration and runoff. Infiltration happens when water seeps into the ground and becomes groundwater, which can later be accessed by plants, animals, and humans through wells and springs. Runoff occurs when water flows over the land's surface, forming streams, rivers, and eventually making its way back to the oceans.

The water cycle is a continuous and balanced process. It ensures that water is constantly circulated, purified, and redistributed across the planet. Understanding the water cycle helps us appreciate the importance of water conservation and sustainable management practices.

Questions for Expository Article 1:

1. Which process in the water cycle involves the transformation of water into water vapor due to the sun's heat?
A) Precipitation
B) Runoff
C) Evaporation
D) Infiltration

2. What is the purpose of the water cycle?
A) To distribute water evenly across the planet
B) To generate electricity from hydroelectric power
C) To create clouds in the atmosphere
D) To regulate Earth's temperature

Expository Article 2: "The Solar System"

The solar system consists of the sun, eight planets, their moons, and various smaller celestial objects such as asteroids and comets. It is located within the Milky Way galaxy and is an essential part of our universe. Understanding the solar system allows us to explore the vastness of space and appreciate the unique characteristics of each celestial body.

At the center of the solar system is the sun, a massive ball of hot gases that provides heat and light to all the planets. The eight planets, in order of their distance from the sun, are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. These planets orbit the sun in elliptical paths and vary in size, composition, and atmospheric conditions.

Moons, also known as natural satellites, orbit around some of the planets. Earth, for example, has one moon, while Jupiter has the most with 79 known moons. These moons play a significant role in stabilizing the planets' orbits and can exhibit fascinating features such as volcanic activity and icy surfaces.

Asteroids and comets are smaller objects in the solar system. Asteroids are rocky and metallic fragments that orbit the sun, primarily found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Comets, on the other hand, are made up of ice, dust, and rocky material. When they come close to the sun, they heat up and develop a glowing coma and a tail.

Studying the solar system helps scientists understand the formation and evolution of celestial bodies. It enables us to explore the possibility of life beyond Earth and fuels our curiosity about the mysteries of the universe.

Questions for Expository Article 2:

1. What is the central celestial body in the solar system?
A) Earth
B) The moon
C) The sun
D) Mars

2. What is the main difference between asteroids and comets?
A) Asteroids are rocky, while comets are icy.
B) Asteroids orbit the Earth, while comets orbit the sun.
C) Asteroids have tails, while comets do not.
D) Asteroids are larger than comets.

4th Grade STAAR Reading Assessment Passage Examples:

Title: "The Importance of Recycling"

Every day, we produce a large amount of waste. From food packaging to old electronics, we generate materials that can harm the environment if not properly managed. That's where recycling comes in. Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials. It helps conserve natural resources, reduce pollution, and protect our planet. Let's explore why recycling is essential.

One of the main reasons to recycle is to conserve natural resources. Many products are made from materials extracted from the Earth, such as paper from trees and metals from mines. By recycling these materials, we can reduce the need for new extraction, preserving forests, and preventing habitat destruction. Additionally, recycling helps save energy and water, as the production of recycled materials often requires less energy and water compared to producing new ones.

Another crucial benefit of recycling is reducing pollution. When waste materials are not properly disposed of, they can end up in landfills or incinerators. This leads to the release of harmful substances into the air, soil, and water, contributing to pollution. Recycling reduces the amount of waste going to landfills and incinerators, minimizing pollution and its negative impacts on the environment and human health.

Lastly, recycling plays a vital role in protecting our planet. By recycling, we can help slow down climate change. Many waste materials produce greenhouse gases when they decompose in landfills. These gases contribute to global warming, which affects our climate patterns and ecosystems. Recycling reduces the amount of waste in landfills, decreasing the release of greenhouse gases and mitigating climate change.

In conclusion, recycling is crucial for conserving natural resources, reducing pollution, and protecting our planet. By recycling, we can make a positive impact on the environment and create a sustainable future for generations to come.

1. Multi-Select:
Which of the following are benefits of recycling? Select all that apply.
A) Reducing waste in landfills
B) Conserving natural resources
C) Increasing pollution levels
D) Saving energy and water resources
E) Accelerating climate change

2. Evidence-Based Selected Response:
According to the passage, why is recycling important for conserving natural resources?
A) It reduces pollution levels.
B) It helps slow down climate change.
C) It decreases the need for new resource extraction.
D) It saves energy and water resources.

3. Two-Part Hot Text:
Select the sentence from the passage that supports the statement below.
Statement: Recycling reduces the release of greenhouse gases.
Options:
A) "Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into reusable materials."
B) "By recycling, we can help slow down climate change."
C) "Recycling helps conserve natural resources."
D) "Many waste materials produce greenhouse gases when they decompose in landfills."

4. Editing Task Questions:
Identify and correct the error in the following sentence:
"The main reason for recycling are to conserve natural resources."
A) for recycling are
B) for recycling is
C) natural resources
D) No error

Please note that the questions and answer choices provided above are created based on the given passage and are not aligned with the specific STAAR Performance Standards.

Here's a glossary of key 4th-grade vocabulary terms for the STAAR reading test:

1. Analyze: Examine in detail, break down into parts, and study the relationship between them.

2. Central idea: The main point or main topic of a text.

3. Characterize: Describe the qualities, traits, or features of a character.

4. Comprehension: Understanding and interpreting the meaning of a text.

5. Conclude: Reach a decision or opinion after considering all available information.

6. Context: The words, phrases, or sentences that surround a particular word or passage and provide clues to its meaning.

7. Inference: A conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning rather than explicit information.

8. Main idea: The most important or central thought or message in a text.

9. Plot: The sequence of events that make up a story, including the exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

10. Point of view: The perspective from which a story is told, such as first-person, third-person limited, or third-person omniscient.

11. Setting: The time and place in which a story takes place.

12. Theme: The underlying message or moral of a story.

13. Tone: The author's attitude or feelings towards a subject as expressed in the writing.

14. Inferential questions: Questions that require the reader to make logical conclusions based on evidence from the text.

15. Literal questions: Questions that ask for information explicitly stated in the text.

16. Text structure: The way a text is organized, such as chronological order, cause and effect, problem and solution, or compare and contrast.

17. Author's purpose: The reason why an author writes a particular piece of text, such as to inform, entertain, persuade, or describe.

18. Synthesize: Combine different ideas or information to create new understanding or insight.

19. Supporting details: Specific pieces of information or evidence that support or explain the main idea or central point.

20. Vocabulary: The words or language used in a particular text, including both common and specialized terms.

Note: This glossary includes terms commonly used in reading assessments, including the STAAR reading test. However, it's always recommended to consult the official test resources for the most accurate and up-to-date information on the specific vocabulary used in the exam.

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